The IHC has criticised the Parliamentary committee's unfounded allegation that NCERT books contain "distortion" of history on national heroes and unproportionate references of the Mughal era.
R. Radhika | July 17, 2021 | 11:27 AM IST
NEW DELHI: A body of historians and scholars, Indian History Congress (IHC), has expressed their objection to the changes in history textbooks proposed by the Parliamentary standing committee on education.
In a detailed critical evaluation of suggested changes, the IHC said that the reform is “wrongly asserting political propaganda and undermining the scope of a scholarly exercise.” With 35,000 members, IHC is the largest association of professional historians in South Asia.
The Parliamentary Committee on education, in its suggestions to revise National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) textbooks, has sought to remove references to “un-historical facts” and “distortions” of history on the national heroes in textbooks. The committee also intends to include “equal or proportionate references to all periods of Indian history.” Public responses were invited on the proposed changes till June 30 which was later extended to July 15.
The IHC has called the use of distortion an “unsubstantiated allegation” and “objectionable” as it can compromise the scholarly inputs given after extensive research. Further criticizing the move, IHC said that the changes “reflect a bias” devoid of proper research and scrutiny. The body has asked the Parliamentary committee to revise the NCERT textbooks only in “consensus” with the historians and scholars of the country.
More than 100 notable scholars including Romila Thapar, who has extensively contributed to NCERT textbooks, have endorsed the evaluation and recommendations made by the IHC.
Read the whole text of observations submitted by IHC below.
It appears from the notification of the Parliamentary Standing Committee’s proceedings inviting responses that a consensus presumably exists on the presence of “distortions” in existing history school textbooks such as of the NCERT. On this point itself, we wish to draw the attention of the Hon’ble members to the fact that while scholarship grows and propels the corresponding need for periodic revision of textbooks; the use of the word “distortion”, as in this context, appears to be an unsubstantiated allegation that creates roadblocks for the initiation of a serious scholarly exercise. Opinions are being sought regarding “unhistorical facts and distortions about our national heroes” in the existing history textbooks without substantiation, which is unfortunate and also objectionable.
Our submission is that there exists a body of recognized scholarship which has grown over time by drawing on clear protocols of professional research, peer review, etc. This body of scholarship, such as on Indian history, has been constituted by scholars from across the world, and any new intervention must take into account the insights and arguments of this body of scholarly work. This established protocol which involves constructive engagement with earlier work on the basis of recognized forms and methods of research rather than erasure/dismissal of older work/assessments is what assigns content revision serious scholarly merit and acceptance.
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Historians who have been involved earlier with the writing of NCERT textbooks, from R.S. Sharma, Bipan Chandra, Romila Thapar, Satish Chandra, and many others, have been recognized in the larger global community of historians for their work. It is incumbent therefore that those involved in the writing and rewriting of textbooks belong to this larger community and are historians who are recognized for their scholarship by the scholarly community. As the community of historians have and continue to evaluate and assess the work of earlier scholars, textbooks and syllabi have seen visible changes/enrichment that are backed by sound protocols. Notably, the last round of revisions in NCERT history textbooks was carried out by a completely new body of historians of high repute, and was based on wider consultation within the community of professional historians, which should put to rest circulating allegations that only a particular set of historians have controlled content revision since the first NCERT textbooks appeared. Revisions propelled by the adoption of the National Curriculum Frameworks of 2000 and 2005 are also well-known. The contention of “distortions” and “un-historical facts” prevailing in textbooks, thus, appears highly misplaced.
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Our further assertion is that there are certain undeniable features to rational history writing, which in itself is important for the progress of society. The creation of informed youth who come to see their present contexts and the past not as timeless entities, and who can comprehend the elements of diversity in material conditions, social structures, institutions and traditions that have existed in the Indian sub-continent, is essential for the construction of citizens who are critical of unchanging (and therefore un-evolving) and monolithic, singular representations of people in the Indian sub-continent. It is rational, inclusive historical narratives of widely-accepted scholarly merit which must be reflected in the content of school history textbooks. These history textbooks, like that of the NCERT, are a crucial initial window through which young students are acquainted with a sense of historical thinking that can help them distinguish the past, myths, and hearsay from actual history of their surroundings and the world. The exercise of revising the contents of these textbooks has, therefore, to steer clear of propaganda which merely seeks to indulge in rhetoric rather than seriously engage with the existing historical scholarship of wide repute and acceptance within the community of historians.
In the context of the Parliamentary Standing Committee inviting responses from experts and concerned citizens, certain quarters are derailing the process of serious engagement with the form and content of the history textbooks by spreading canards about the contributions of earlier historians involved in textbook writing. It is unfortunate that the works of reputed historians like R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar, etc. are being derided by repeatedly counterposing them to the views of scholars like R.C. Majumdar and Jadunath Sarkar, who are seen as belonging to the “nationalist school of thought” that allegedly portrays the “correct narrative of Indian history” (Public Policy Research Centre, Distortion and Misrepresentation of India’s Past: History Textbooks and Why They Need to Change, p.5). Ironically, what is conveniently lost in such poorly-researched claims are crucial realities, such as the fact that scholars like R.C. Majumdar actually ensured that upcoming historians of the time, like Romila Thapar, were made part of the advisory board of the NCERT. Clearly, textbook writing has involved scholars across ideological hues and has remained an exercise of scholarly merit.
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It is clearly more a presumption than a fact that there exist “distortions” in the NCERT history textbooks. Such presumptions reflect a bias, and do not stem from a scholastic scrutiny of the contents of the NCERT textbooks. In this light, we assert that periodic revision of school history textbooks might be a welcome exercise, however, this can only be done in sync with the consensus of existing historical scholarship.
We have learnt of some submissions and statements that are being widely circulated in the social media which are, in the name of correcting alleged unhistorical facts and distortions, wrongly asserting political propaganda and undermining the scope of a scholarly exercise. The clamor for revisions from some quarters reflect, among many things, an obsession with ‘proving’ an imbalance in the course material compiled for different historical eras, as well as a disturbing preoccupation with a narrative surrounding kings and the wars they waged; the reduction of state formations, empire-building and appended transformations of the medieval period to an unsubstantiated, perennial contest between an allegedly homogenous ‘Hindu’ society and ‘Islamic’ invaders and rulers; etc.
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A serious compromise with factual details and historical analysis is evident in such narratives. The claims about “distortions” about India’s past and the so-called neglect of certain eras and heroic figures are unfounded, which is a fact amply brought out by the Indian History Congress (IHC) in its submission to the Parliamentary Standing Committee. However, misrepresentation about the NCERT history textbooks continues to be widely circulated in social media. In this light, we deem it fit to caution the Hon’ble members of the following:
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We the undersigned are deeply concerned by the notice regarding ‘Reforms in the contents and designs of Text Books’. The current textbooks of the NCERT can neither be accused of circulating “unhistorical facts and distortions” about heroic figures, nor providing disproportionate information about different time periods. Moreover, we assert that the exercise of textbook revision cannot be pursued with the intent to placate a particular ideological hue, and must instead be based on well-evolved scholarly consensus, and meet the high standards set by earlier scholarship.
Signatories
Name | Institution |
1. Dr. Bharati Jagannathan | Miranda House College, University of Delhi |
2. Dr. Mahesh Gopalan | St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi |
3. Prof. Prabhu Prasad Mohapatra | Department of History, University of Delhi |
4. Dr. Maya John | Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi |
5. Prof. Romila Thapar | Professor (Retd.), Centre for Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University |
6. Dr. Rahul Govind | Department of History, University of Delhi |
7. Prof. G. Arunima | Director, Kerala Council of Historical Research |
8. Dr. Pankaj Jha | Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi |
9. Dr. Sangeeta Luthra Sharma | St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi |
10. Prof. Dilip Menon | History and Mellon Chair in Indian Studies,University of the Witwatersrand |
11. Dr. PK Yasser Arafath | Department of History, University of Delhi |
12. Prof. Kumkum Roy | Centre for Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University |
13. Prof. Charu Gupta | Department of History, University of Delhi |
14. Prof. Lakshmi Subramaniam | BITS Pilani, Goa |
15. Prof. Uma Chakravarti | Professor (Retd.), University of Delhi |
16. Prof. Shalini Shah | Department of History, University of Delhi |
17. Dr. Aparna Balachandran | Department of History, University of Delhi |
18. Prof. Krishna Kumar Upadhyay | Central Institute of Education, University of Delhi |
19. Prof. Sumit Sarkar | Professor (Retd.), Department of History, University of Delhi |
20. Prof. Tanika Sarkar | Professor (Retd.), CHS, University of Delhi |
21. Prof. Sucheta Mahajan | CHS, Jawaharlal Nehru University |
22. Urvashi Butalia | Feminist historian and publisher |
23. Prof. PK Basant | Department of History and Culture, Jamia Millia Islamia |
24. Prof. Mukul Kesavan | Department of History and Culture, Jamia Millia Islamia |
25. Prof. Janaki Nair | Professor (Retd.), CHS, Jawaharlal Nehru University |
26. Prof. Salil Mishra | School of Liberal Studies, Ambedkar University Delhi |
27. Dr. Aditya Pratap Deo | St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi |
28. Dr. Vrishti Kanojia | Lakshmibai College for Women, University of Delhi |
29. Dr. P. Sanal Mohan | Professor (Retd.), Kerala |
30. Dr. Rana P. Behal | Associate Professor (Retd.), University of Delhi |
31. Dr. Aditya Pratap Deo | St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi |
32. Srabani Chakraborty | PhD Candidate, Jawaharlal Nehru University |
33. Dr. Naina Dayal | St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi |
34. Dr. M V Shobhana Warrier | Kamla Nehru College, University of Delhi |
35. Dr. Ismail Vengasseri | Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi |
36. Tripti Deo | Lakshmibai College, University of Delhi |
37. Dr. Smita Sahgal | Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi |
38. Dr. Rajesh Kumar | Associate Professor, Motilal Nehru College (E),University of Delhi |
39. Dr. D.W. Karuna Miryam | Azim Premji University |
40. Prof. Suchetana Chattopadhyay | Department of History, Jadavpur University |
41. Dr. Prabhat Chandra Choudhary | Associate Professor, Motilal Nehru College (E),University of Delhi |
42. Dr. Puneet Yadav | Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi |
43. Nishtha Srivastava | Associate Professor, Shivaji College, University of Delhi |
44. Dr. Namrata Singh | Associate Professor, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi |
45. Dr. Shubhra Sinha | Associate professor, Kamala Nehru College,University of Delhi |
46. Dr. Prabha Rani | Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi |
47. Ranjan Ghosh | Individual researcher |
48. Dr Sandhya Sharma | Associate Professor, Vivekananda College,University of Delhi |
49. Sneh Jha | Miranda House College, University of Delhi |
50. Dr Akanksha Narayan Singh | Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi |
51. Dr. Dinesh Chandra Varshney | Associate Professor, Motilal Nehru College (E), University of Delhi |
52. Dr. Justin Mathew | Hansraj College, University of Delhi |
53. Dr. Saumya Gupta | Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi |
54. Dr. Debatri Bhattacharjee | Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi |
55. Dr. Anubhuti Maurya | Bharati College, University of Delhi |
56. Prof. Anindita Mukhopadhyay | Department of History, University of Hyderabad |
57. Dr. Vikas Gupta | Department of History, University of Delhi |
58. Dr. Sujata Patel | Kerstin Hesselgren Visiting Professor, Umea University |
59. Dr. Rachna Singh | Hindu College, University of Delhi |
60. Dr. Sanghamitra Misra | Department of History, University of Delhi |
61. Rupamanjari Hegde | History teacher, Gurgaon |
62. Pooja Thakur | Ramjas College, University of Delhi |
63. Dr. Saumya Varghese | Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi |
64. Dr. Tanu Parashar | Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi |
65. Dr. Shahana Bhattacharya | Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi |
66. Dr. Tara Sheemar | Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi |
67. Ameen Muhammed | Student, CHS, Jawaharlal Nehru University |
68. Dr. V.K. Jha | Motilal Nehru College (E), University of Delhi |
69. Mahesh Kumar Deepak | Dyal Singh Evening College, University of Delhi |
70. Dr. Ranabir Chakravarti | Professor (Retd.), CHS, Jawaharlal Nehru University |
71. Prasanta Dhar | Department of History, University of Toronto |
72. Taranjot Singh Bala | Panjab University, Chandigarh |
73. Sh. Sheodutt | Shaheed Bhagat Singh (E) College, University of Delhi |
74. Mukul Mangalik | Associate Professor, Ramjas College, University of Delhi |
75. Malavika Kasturi | Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Toronto |
76. Rahul Kumar | Researcher, Panjab University, Chandigarh |
77. Dr. Ataullah | Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi |
78. Sanoj Kumar | Shyam Lal College, University of Delhi |
79. Dr. Sanjay Verma | Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi |
80. Dr. Molly | Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi |
81. Zeeshan Illahi | Researcher, History Dept., Panjab University, Chandigarh |
82. Dr. Aparna Vaidik | Associate Professor, Ashoka University |
83. Jauddin | Researcher, History Dept., University of Delhi |
84. Dr. Srimanjari | Associate Professor, Miranda House College, University of Delhi |
85. Shayar Husain | PhD researcher, IIT-Mandi |
86. Dr. Radhika Chadha | Miranda House College, University of Delhi |
87. Dr. BK Chaudhry | Maharaja Agrasen College, University of Delhi |
88. Dr. Levin NR | Bharati College, University of Delhi |
89. Dr. Mayank Kumar | Satyawati College (E), University of Delhi |
90. Monisha Behal | Feminist writer and social activist |
91. Mirza Ayaz Beg | Researcher, Panjab University, Chandigarh |
92. Dr. LRS Lakshmi | Lakshmibai College, University of Delhi |
93. Rashmi Paliwal | Former Fellow, Eklavya Institute, Hoshangabad |
94. Dr. Sanghamitra Rai Verman | Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi |
95. Dr. Rajshree | SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi |
96. Dr. Shilpi Rajpal | AURO University |
97. Dr. Shadab Bano | Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University |
98. Sidheshwar Shukla | Rajdhani College, University of Delhi |
99. Dr. Anisha | Aurobindo College, University of Delhi |
100. Dr. Paragati Mohapatra | Indrapratha College for Women, University of Delhi |
101. Dr. Amita Paliwal | Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi |
102. Dr. Snigdha Singh | Miranda House, University of Delhi |
103. Bhim Tiwari | Researcher, Dept. of History, Punjab University |
104. Mohd. Bilal | Researcher, Dept. of History, University of Delhi |
105. Dr. Chitra Joshi | Associate Professor (Retd.), Indraprastha College for Women, University of Delhi |
106. Ajitha Popuri | ARSD College, University of Delhi |
107. Smarika Nawani | Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi |
108. Ranjan Anand | Zakir Husain Delhi College (E), University of Delhi |
109. Nayana Dasgupta | Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi |
110. Vinita Malik | Kamla Nehru College, University of Delhi |
111. Prof. Chhaya Datar | TISS, Mumbai |
112. Purwa Bharadwaj | Writer on gender and education, Delhi |
113. Shewli Kumar | Associate Professor, TISS, Mumbai |
114. Brinelle D'souza | TISS, Mumbai |
115. Dr. Sharmila | IIT-Bombay |
116. Dr. Simmi Mehta | Mata Sundari College, University of Delhi |
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